How it works: Sunscreen (SPF)

When it comes to skincare, sunscreen is one of the most important steps you can take to protect your skin’s health and appearance, but how does it actually work? Let’s break it down.

What does sunscreen do?

Sunscreen protects your skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation which comes in two main forms, known as UVA and UVB.

• UVA rays: These are often called ageing rays, they penetrate deep into the skin causing premature aging, fine line and wrinkles.

• UVB rays: These are known as burning rays, these affect the surface of the skin, causing sunburn and contributing to skin cancer risks.

To fully protect you skin, you will want a broad-spectrum sunscreen which shields against UVA and UVB rays.

What is SPF?

SPF stands for sun protection factor. It measures how well a sunscreen protects against UVB (not UVA)

Here is a quick breakdown of common SPF levels:

SPF 15 - blocks about 93% of UVB rays

SPF 30 - blocks about 97% of UVB rays

SPF 50 - blocks about 98% of UVB rays

Even though the difference seems small, that extra protection matters if you are outdoors for long periods of time due to the amount of exposure to your skin.

Types of Sunscreen

There are two main types of sunscreens and the best one for you depends on you skin type and preferences.

Physical/Mineral sunscreens

• Sit on top of the skin

• Reflect UV rays away

• Often contain Zinc oxide or Titanium dioxide

• Great for sensitive skin

  Chemical Sunscreens

• Absorb UV rays and convert them into heat

• Usually lighter in texture making them popular for daily wear

• Work best when applied 15-30 minutes before sun exposure

It is important to note both mineral and chemical sunscreens work in a similar way (by absorbing) but due to the zinc oxide and titanium dioxide in in physical sunscreens they are more known to reflect rays where as organic and chemical aren’t really designed for this so it is very minimal reflection . Most reflected rays are UVB not UVA, so in conclusion both types absorb rays and converts them but only mineral have the role of reflecting.

Sunscreen Tips for the Best Protection

• Apply 15-30 minutes before sun exposure

• Re-apply every 2 hours or after swimming/sweating

• Use the two-finger rule (two lines of sunscreen along your index and middle finger) for you face and neck

Sunscreen isn’t just for sunny days - it should be part of your daily skincare routine all year-round. Protecting your skin is what helps prevent premature ageing, sunburn, and long term damage like skin cancer.